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We collected over 10,000 surveys, so we can not only present general conclusions, but also delve deeper into the data and show details about work and earnings in individual specializations.
Edition: 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019
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Respondents Profile

What type of programmer are you?
Backend
44%
Fullstack
28%
Frontend
17%
Mobile
4.6%
Embedded
4.1%
Other
1.2%
GameDev
1.1%
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinary
Male: 89% 89% Female: 10% 10% Nonbinary: 0.5% 0.5%
Age
18 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40+
18 - 24: 19% 19% 25 - 29: 35% 35% 30 - 34: 25% 25% 35 - 39: 13% 13% 40+: 8.2% 8.2%
Education
Second-cycle studies (master, master engineer)
39%
First-cycle studies (bachelor, engineer)
30%
I am currently studying
11%
I studied but did not obtain a diploma
7.8%
High school
7.1%
Postgraduate studies
3.3%
Doctoral studies
1.2%
Company size
1-10
4.1%
11-50
16%
51-200
21%
201-500
14%
501-1000
8.3%
1,001 - 5,000
13%
5,001 - 10,000
8.0%
more than 10,000
15%
Level of experience
Mid / Regular
41%
Junior
23%
Senior
28%
Tech Lead / Team Lead
8.0%
Mid-level Manager
0.4%
Director / C-level
0.3%
Experience level vs. years of experience
Director / C-level
13.9 years
Tech Lead / Team Lead
10.1 years
Mid-level Manager
9.7 years
Senior
9.2 years
Mid / Regular
4.4 years
Junior
1.3 years
Specializations vs. years of experience
Embedded
6.1 years
Backend
6.0 years
Fullstack
5.9 years
Mobile
5.8 years
Other
5.4 years
GameDev
4.0 years
Data Science
4.0 years
Frontend
4.0 years
ML Engineer
2.0 years
AI Engineer
1.5 years

Work and Technology

Knowledge of programming languages
Also markup languages, scripting languages, query languages
JavaScript
51%
HTML/CSS
41%
TypeScript
40%
SQL
34%
Java
30%
Python
25%
C#
22%
PHP
13%
C++
9.9%
Kotlin
7.4%
C
5.1%
Go
3.8%
Swift
2.2%
Ruby
2.2%
Bash / PowerShell
2.1%
Scala
2.0%
Rust
1.9%
Dart
1.4%
Groovy
1.3%
Main technology vs. specializations
Also markup languages, scripting languages, query languages
Java
38%
C#
18%
Python
13%
PHP
11%
C++
4.0%
Kotlin
2.2%
SQL
2.2%
Go
2.2%
JavaScript
1.8%
Ruby
1.8%
Scala
1.5%
TypeScript
1.5%
Other
1.4%
C++
52%
C
39%
JavaScript
48%
TypeScript
42%
HTML/CSS
5.3%
C#
26%
Java
18%
TypeScript
15%
JavaScript
14%
PHP
11%
Python
6.2%
C++
1.9%
Other
1.5%
Kotlin
1.1%
SQL
1.1%
C#
45%
C++
36%
Kotlin
41%
Swift
27%
Dart
14%
Main technology vs. other technologies used daily
SQL
54%
JavaScript
50%
HTML/CSS
45%
TypeScript
45%
C#
27%
Other
14%
Python
11%
C++
6.4%
PHP
3.3%
Java
2.3%
C
2.1%
Python
60%
C++
30%
C
28%
Other
20%
SQL
16%
Java
15%
JavaScript
14%
C#
12%
HTML/CSS
7.4%
Bash / shell
5.9%
JavaScript
65%
HTML/CSS
43%
TypeScript
33%
PHP
30%
SQL
43%
JavaScript
35%
TypeScript
27%
HTML/CSS
27%
Java
21%
Python
18%
Other
17%
Kotlin
12%
Groovy
3.9%
C++
3.2%
Scala
3.1%
C#
3.0%
PHP
2.3%
Go
1.9%
C
1.5%
Bash / shell
1.5%
TypeScript
64%
HTML/CSS
62%
JavaScript
40%
PHP
16%
SQL
16%
Python
13%
C#
8.8%
Other
7.0%
Java
6.7%
Ruby
2.2%
Java
57%
Kotlin
32%
SQL
29%
Other
28%
TypeScript
19%
JavaScript
15%
Python
15%
Scala
10%
JavaScript
75%
HTML/CSS
61%
SQL
56%
TypeScript
31%
PHP
30%
Python
13%
Other
8.5%
C#
7.2%
Java
4.6%
Go
4.3%
JavaScript
41%
SQL
37%
HTML/CSS
31%
Python
26%
Other
20%
TypeScript
18%
Java
8.6%
C++
8.3%
C#
6.4%
Go
6.1%
C
4.8%
PHP
3.2%
Which programming language did you start with?
Also markup languages, scripting languages, query languages
Java
23%
C#
16%
JavaScript
13%
PHP
11%
Python
7.5%
C++
6.6%
TypeScript
6.4%
Other
4.2%
HTML/CSS
3.0%
C
2.8%
SQL
2.6%
Kotlin
1.3%
Ruby
1.1%
Swift
0.8%
Scala
0.5%

I started my programming adventure ages ago with PHP, which at the time was wildly popular.

Today, looking at the ranking of the popularity of languages, the top seems quite stable. New programmers chose Java, JavaScript, C#/C++, and PHP, believing that knowledge of these technologies would give them a good start and a decent salary in the IT industry. And they are correct!

The ubiquitous courses, training, and e-learning platforms allow young people to attain enough technical skills to start working quickly. On the other hand, the notorious shortage of qualified professionals relative to market needs is increasingly prompting employers to hire juniors with the hope that they stay after they gain experience and bond with the company that invested in their development.

Many companies are also betting on internship programs that allow inexperienced developers to get on a career path. A properly prepared program allows for gaining technical knowledge and gives a good base for more advanced tasks in the future. At Schenker Technology Center, we emphasize learning good coding practices, test writing, code review, and IT Security. We also teach using tools like SonarQube, Dependency-Track, GitLAB, JIRA, Confluence, etc. It is also crucial for us to fill in missing competencies related to the software development cycle, teamwork and problem-solving, communication, and agile methodologies.

Daniel Ciunkiewicz
Head of Application Development & Maintenance
DB Schenker Technology Center Warsaw
Which databases do you work with?
PostgreSQL
38%
MS SQL
26%
MySQL / MariaDB
23%
I don't use databases
18%
Redis
15%
Mongo
14%
Oracle
14%
SQLite
9.6%
Other
5.2%
Amazon DynamoDB
1.4%
Cassandra
1.4%
Elastic
1.0%
Most important libraries and frameworks vs. main programming language
Open question, without suggesting answers
.NET
45%
Entity Framework
27%
Other
25%
ASP.NET
22%
Angular
19%
.NET Core
14%
React
11%
MediatR
4.8%
WPF
4.2%
Blazor
4.0%
Dapper
3.8%
xUnit
3.2%
Unity
3.0%
jQuery
2.8%
NUnit
2.6%
Linq
2.4%
Boost
42%
Other
40%
Qt
24%
STL
22%
GoogleTest
16%
Spring
73%
Hibernate
27%
Spring Boot
22%
Other
17%
Angular
12%
React
4.9%
jUnit
4.0%
Lombok
3.5%
Mockito
3.3%
JEE
3.3%
JUnit
3.0%
Kafka
2.7%
Quarkus
2.3%
Liquibase
2.2%
Spock
2.1%
Maven
1.7%
JPA
1.7%
React
61%
Vue
20%
Angular
17%
Other
13%
Node.js
8.7%
Next.js
7.8%
Redux
6.7%
NestJS
5.2%
Express
5.0%
Nuxt
2.8%
jQuery
2.4%
React Native
2.4%
Laravel
2.4%
Other
36%
Android SDK
33%
Spring
31%
Retrofit
22%
Jetpack
16%
Spring Boot
12%
Dagger
11%
Symfony
62%
Laravel
30%
Other
17%
Vue
11%
React
9.3%
Magento
7.1%
WordPress
6.4%
Doctrine
6.4%
jQuery
6.4%
Zend
3.9%
Django
43%
Other
34%
Flask
23%
FastAPI
22%
Pandas
18%
pytest
9.2%
SQLAlchemy
9.2%
React
8.5%
NumPy
6.6%
Vue
4.0%
Do you choose the software you use in your work independently?
No
Yes
No: 75% 75% Yes: 25% 25%
Do you maintain a test suite?
Yes
No
Yes: 54% 54% No: 46% 46%
Is there CI in your project?
Only for people who do not maintain a test suite
Yes
80%
No
12%
I don't know
8.4%
Is there code review in your project?
Yes
No
Yes: 88% 88% No: 12% 12%

Salary

Earnings vs. programmer type - all experience levels
Employment contracts, civil law contracts - net amount; B2B - net on the invoice
Other
10 447 PLN
Embedded
9 971 PLN
Mobile
9 599 PLN
Backend
9 531 PLN
Fullstack
9 371 PLN
Frontend
7 936 PLN
Mobile
23 839 PLN
Embedded
23 723 PLN
Backend
21 602 PLN
Fullstack
20 659 PLN
Frontend
17 161 PLN
GameDev
15 706 PLN
Mobile
8 745 PLN
Fullstack
7 945 PLN
Backend
7 455 PLN
Frontend
7 256 PLN
Earnings vs. programmer type - junior
Employment contracts, civil law contracts - net amount; B2B - net on the invoice
Mobile
6 289 PLN
Backend
5 947 PLN
Embedded
5 705 PLN
Fullstack
5 651 PLN
Frontend
5 251 PLN
Backend
9 946 PLN
Fullstack
9 094 PLN
Frontend
7 730 PLN
Mobile
5 933 PLN
Backend
5 535 PLN
Frontend
5 450 PLN
Fullstack
5 271 PLN
Earnings vs. programmer type - mid
Employment contracts, civil law contracts - net amount; B2B - net on the invoice
Mobile
9 558 PLN
Backend
9 392 PLN
Embedded
9 261 PLN
Fullstack
8 656 PLN
Frontend
8 447 PLN
Other
7 560 PLN
Backend
17 435 PLN
Embedded
16 851 PLN
Fullstack
16 820 PLN
Mobile
15 921 PLN
Frontend
14 822 PLN
Backend
10 784 PLN
Fullstack
10 599 PLN
Frontend
9 905 PLN
Earnings vs. programmer type - senior
Employment contracts, civil law contracts - net amount; B2B - net on the invoice
Backend
12 547 PLN
Embedded
12 331 PLN
Mobile
12 318 PLN
Fullstack
12 174 PLN
Frontend
11 966 PLN
Mobile
27 656 PLN
Backend
26 049 PLN
Embedded
25 450 PLN
Frontend
24 877 PLN
Fullstack
24 866 PLN
Earnings vs. main programming language
Employment contracts, civil law contracts - net amount; B2B - net on the invoice
Go
13 630 PLN
Swift
10 375 PLN
C++
10 297 PLN
C
10 109 PLN
Kotlin
10 046 PLN
Java
9 814 PLN
Python
9 502 PLN
TypeScript
9 280 PLN
C#
9 049 PLN
HTML/CSS
8 408 PLN
JavaScript
8 095 PLN
Other
7 992 PLN
PHP
7 815 PLN
SQL
7 332 PLN
Rust
33 673 PLN
Scala
27 500 PLN
Ruby
26 625 PLN
Kotlin
25 010 PLN
Other
24 672 PLN
Go
24 204 PLN
Swift
23 479 PLN
C++
23 166 PLN
Java
22 115 PLN
C
21 712 PLN
C#
20 687 PLN
Python
20 204 PLN
TypeScript
20 008 PLN
SQL
17 629 PLN
JavaScript
17 569 PLN
PHP
17 472 PLN
HTML/CSS
9 841 PLN
TypeScript
8 925 PLN
Dart
8 625 PLN
C++
7 991 PLN
PHP
7 790 PLN
C#
7 521 PLN
Java
7 448 PLN
JavaScript
6 719 PLN
Python
5 968 PLN
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Honorary Patronage

Thank you for your contribution!


We want to thank each and every one of the over 10,000 people who completed the survey. Thanks to you, we can present the most comprehensive IT industry study in Poland in 2023.